TypeScript Basic Types

Like any other languages, TypeScript types are divided into different categories. All types in TypeScript are subtypes of a single top type called the Any type.

Any Type

The Any type is representing any JavaScript value with no constraints. If you don't know about the types, you can use any type to hold any type that are assigning dynamically.

TypeScript Types Example 1

let myVar: any = 4;
myVar = "can be string";
myVar = false; // can be boolean

var a: any;             // Explicitly typed  
var b;                  // Same as y: any  
var c: { x; y; };       // Same as z: { a: any; b: any; }

function foo(a) {         // Same as foo(a: any): void  
}
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<p>The other types in TypeScript are categorized into</p>
<ul><li>Primitive Types</li> 
<li>Object Types</li> 
<li>Union Types</li>
<li>Intersection Types</li>
<li>Types parameters</li></ul>

<h2>Primitive Types</h2>
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<p>The primitive types includes Number, Boolean, String, Symbol, Void, Null, and Undefined types along with user defined enum types. Each primitive type uses specific keywords in programming such as number, boolean, string, symbol, and void respectively.</p>

<h2>1. The Number Type</h2>
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<p>The number datatype is a primitive type and represents double-precision or floating point values.</p>

<h3>TypeScript Number Type Example 2</h3>
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var a: number;          // Explicitly typed  
var b = 0;              // Similar to b: number = 0  
var c = 123.456;        // Similar to c: number = 123.456  
var d = z.toFixed(2);   // Property of Number interface

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2. The Boolean Type

This is very simple datatype which is used to hold true/false value and both JavaScript and TypeScript call as boolean value.

TypeScript Boolean Type Example 3

var a: boolean;         // Explicitly typed  
var isValid = true;         // Similar to isValid: boolean = true  
var isInValid = false;         // Similar to isInValid: boolean = false

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3. The String Type

The string datatype, like other languages is used to hold text data with double quotes (") or single quotes (') to surround text data.

TypeScript String Type Example 3

var str: string;          // Explicitly typed  
var empty = "";         // Similar to empty: string = ""  
var str = 'abc';        // Similar to str: string = "abc"  
var c = abc.charAt(2);  // Property of String interface

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4. The Symbol Type

The symbol datatype is primitive type and represents unique tokens that may be used as keys for object properties.

TypeScript Symbol Type Example 3

var idKey = Symbol();  
var obj = {};  
obj[idKey] = "hidden message";  // Use symbol as property key  
obj[Symbol.toStringTag] = "test";   // Use of well-known symbol

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5. The Void Type

The void datatype is represent absence of having any type and commonly used as return type.

TypeScript Void Type Example 3

function displayMsg(): void {
    alert("This is my warning message");
}
let unusable: void = undefined;

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6. The Null Type

The null datatype is references the one and only value of the Null type and considered a valid value for all primitive types.

TypeScript Null Type Example 3

var a: number = null;   // Primitives can be null  
var b = null;           // Similar to b: any = null  
var c: Null;            // Error, can't reference Null type

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7. The Undefined Type

The undefined datatype is used to uninitialized variables.

TypeScript Undefined Type Example 3

var a: number;          // Same as a: number = undefined  
var b = undefined;      // Same as b: any = undefined  
var c: Undefined;       // Error, can't reference Undefined type

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8. The Enum Type

The enum datatype, like other languages, is used to give more friendly names to sets of numeric values.

TypeScript Enum Type Example 3

enum Fruits {Orange, Banana, Mango, Apple};
let a: Fruits = Fruits.Orange;

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Other types are covered in other sections

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TypeScript Basic Types

Any Type

TypeScript Types Example 1

2. The Boolean Type

TypeScript Boolean Type Example 3

3. The String Type

TypeScript String Type Example 3

4. The Symbol Type

TypeScript Symbol Type Example 3

5. The Void Type

TypeScript Void Type Example 3

6. The Null Type

TypeScript Null Type Example 3

7. The Undefined Type

TypeScript Undefined Type Example 3

8. The Enum Type

TypeScript Enum Type Example 3

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